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When people think of South Sea white pearls, they think of high value, generous size, and limited supply. These pearls are grown by the white pearl oyster, a large shell that gives the pearl a diameter of over 10 mm. Most measure between 10 and 13 mm, and few are smaller than 10 mm or between 16 and 18 mm. The oyster needs a long time to nurture a pearl, usually five years. This makes the South Sea white pearl one of the rarest cultured pearls in the world.

The white pearl oyster is very sensitive to water and climate. When water quality declines, pearl harvests fall. South Sea white pearls come from northwestern Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Australian South Sea pearls grow only along a few parts of Australia’s northwest coast. The region is quiet and sparsely populated, with clear water, gentle temperatures, wide bays, and little typhoon activity. These conditions are ideal for producing the finest pearls, which is why Australian South Sea pearls are called the best of their kind. All our South Sea white pearls come from Australia, and are also known as “Australian White” pearls. As pollution grows, fewer waters remain suitable for pearl farming, and this is one reason Australian South Sea pearls remain so costly.

Why are Southsea White Pearls so rare?

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Compared with other pearls, Australian White pearls are very scarce. Their output is about one quarter that of South Sea golden pearls, one ninth that of Tahitian black pearls, and one fiftieth that of Akoya pearls.

Paspaley is one of the world’s largest Australian White pearl brands and farming companies, producing about 85% of the world’s supply. Its name stands for fine Australian White pearls, and it has brought many changes to the pearl industry and reshaped the pearl world. Australia is the only country that still uses wild oysters to grow pearls, because large oysters are very sensitive to their environment, and farm-raised oysters have lower survival rates and pearl yields.

Peter Bracher, Executive Director of the Paspaley Group, explains: “To keep shell collection sustainable and to protect the natural habitat of the pearl oyster, wild oysters are gathered by hand by divers. They are taken only in approved areas and only at a set size, usually 120–165 mm. This is a sustainable, environmentally friendly way of harvesting. It does not harm the seabed, and it creates no waste.” Australia’s pearl industry follows a government quota system, which sets the maximum number of wild oysters that may be collected each year. The main collection area is the waters of Eighty Mile Beach, south of Broome in Western Australia, where divers work by hand at depths of more than 30 meters.

Five Factors That Affect the Price of South Sea Pearls

Overtone

Luster

Size

Shape

Blemishes

White Pearl Luster Grades

AAA+ (Mirror-like, very strong luster), AAA (very strong luster), AA+ (Strong luster), Medium luster, Weak luster, No luster

White Pearl Luster Grades

Round, Near-round, Oval, Baroque (Button, Drop/Bun-shaped, Irregular)

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